ใครเก่งภาษาอังกฤษช่วยแปลหน่อยนะค่ะ TT

This study

Despite the recognition of the important role that wild food plants play for farmers' livelihoods in Northeast Thailand, information is rather scattered throughout different publications, which are mainly in the Thai language. There is no single article presenting not only an exhaustive list of species but also their local name and, botanical and cultural characteristics. This is certainly necessary as a baseline for future research in this area.

Conclusions

This study shows the remarkable importance of anthropogenic ecosystems in providing wild food plants. This is reflected in the great diversity of plants found, contributing to the food and nutritional security of rice farmers in Kalasin, Northeast Thailand. The data compiled in this study shows that the majority of wild food plants grow in the different aquatic, semi-aquatic and terrestrial sub-systems offered by rice agro-ecosystems. Trees presented more plants than other growth forms, constituting an important feature of different terrestrial sub-systems of the paddies, such as hillocks, tree rows and shelters. Many important plants are aquatic and terrestrial herbs, as well as climbers. Both annual and perennial species are present in significant numbers.

One of the main findings is that most wild food plants are found in multiple locations, and more than half of them grow either in rice fields and home gardens, rice fields and woods, home gardens and woods, or rice fields, home gardens and woods. No plants were exclusive to home gardens and very few plants were exclusive to woods and rice fields. From these results we assert that farmers play an active role in managing many of these plants, for example, transplanting them from the woods to the fields or to home gardens, making them available in those anthropogenic places located closer to their house and village. This assertion follows the patterns proposed by the "botanical dietary paradox", which clarifies the use of so many wild food plants by farmers in that when deforestation occurs, farmers change to gathering new wild food plants closer to home, including the weeds of agriculture [8,38].

Another major point to note from the results of this research is that more than half of the wild food plants have many edible parts, and more than two thirds of them have additional uses. Shoots, sprouting from the tips of plants, stems or roots, were the most widely cited as consumed regardless of the growth form or life cycle of the plant. Fruits were also common, particularly collected from trees and climbers. Wild food plants presented more than eleven additional uses, accentuating their overall relevance for rice farmers. The most common additional use was for medicine.

The data compiled in this study highlights the necessity to better understand the role of anthropogenic ecosystems in providing wild food plant resources. Further research needs to be carried out on the seasonal quantification of their environmental availability, as well as the location of actual gathering events. Finally, research on transplanting and other management practices would allow us to better comprehend the distribution of these plants in the different ecosystems.